The testicle is part of the male reproductive organ. They are responsible for  the production of male hormones and sperms . The testicles are found in the scrotum. Undescended testicles is when one or both  testicles fail to move into the scrotum before birth. The testicles descend into the scrotum by the 9th months. Undescended testicles is more common in premature babies even though full term babies get it.

During the initial physical examination of a baby boy, the doctor will check to see if the testicles have descended in the scrotum. If they have not  and do not come down within 3 months, the baby will need to see a special doctor ( pediatric urologist ).

What causes undescended testicles ?

The exact cause of this condition is unknown. However a combination of genetic , maternal health and environmental health factors may cause hormonal imbalance and physical changes  that influence the development of the testicles.

Can undescended testicles be resolved ?

Most of the time, the testicles descends on its own within a year of the baby boy’s life. If it has not descended by this time, the child will require treatment before he turns 2. Treatment options include the following :

• Surgery to bring the testicles down. This is the main  treatment option.The surgeon carefully brings  the testicles into the scrotum and stitches it in place (orchiopexy). If the testicles is poorly developed, abnormal or dead, the doctor will remove the testicular tissues. If inguinal hernia is associated with this condition, that will be repaired as well. The procedure can either be done with a laparoscope or with open surgery.
• Hormone treatment which involves the injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). The hormone may cause the testicles to descend into the scrotum.  This is much less effective than  surgery so it is not usually recommended.

What happens if undescended testicles is left untreated ?

In order for the testicles to develop normally,  it  needs  to be in the scrotum  which provides a much cooler environment that the normal body temperature. If this condition is left in place for more than 2 years, it increases the child’s risk for testicular cancer and infertility later in life.  The testicles  can also twist and cut of its own blood supply. This can result in  pain in the groin and scrotum.
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