Intrauterine device – IUD is a T shaped device made of plastic. This piece of plastic contains copper or a synthetic progesterone hormone that prevents pregnancy. The IUD has a failure rate of less than 1%. The intrauterine device does not  protect against sexually transmitted diseases. Once the device is removed, it is easy to get pregnant as early as the first month of i’ts removal.
 

How does the IUD work ?

The progesterone IUD and copper IUD affects the motility of sperms so that they cannot join the egg. The IUD  do one of the following :

• the released progestin and copper thickens the cervical mucus . The mucus blocks the sperms and prevents them from joining the egg
• changes the lining of the uterus and prevent implantation, should fertilization occur

How is the IUD used ?

Your healthcare provider will perform a pelvic exam, pap smear and STD cultures before the device is inserted. The IUD is inserted through the vagina and cervix into the uterus by your health care provider.

A follow-up exam will be required in 2 to 3 months after its insertion. There is no need to visit the doctor  until it’s removal unless it is time for your annual exam. This birth control  can stay in place for 5 to 10 years depending on the type.

It is recommended that you check the string following each menstruation to ensure that the device is still in place. Do not pull the string.

Who should not use the IUD ?

Women who fall into the following category should not use the IUD.

• have pelvic inflammatory disease
• have gonorrhea or chlamydia
• have unexplained vaginal bleeding
• may be pregnant
• have or ever had cervical or uterine cancers
• have a history of ectopic pregnancy
• are not in a mutually monogamous relationship

Are there any side effects ?

Some of the side effects you may experience include the following :

• headache
• breast tenderness
• nausea
• mood swings
• acne
• cramping ( copper IUD)
• increased bleeding during menstruation ( copper IUD)
• pelvic pain

Pelvic infections have also been reported in women who have more than one sexual partner.

What are the advantages of using the IUD ?

Some of the pros of this device include the following :

• improves sex life because you do not have to place anything before intercourse
• simple and convenient
• progesterone IUD makes period lighter and less painful
• the ability to get pregnant returns quickly when IUD is removed
• lasts up to 5 years for progesterone and 10 years for copper
• can be used during breastfeeding

What are the disadvantages of the IUD ?

Some of the disadvantages of the intrauterine device include the following :

• it is available through prescription
• copper IUD may increase bleeding and cramping during menstruation
• irregular bleeding or spotting may occur during the first 3 to 6 months
• may cause hormonal side effects such as acne, breast tenderness, mood swings and nausea